Modernization Index
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Afghanistan

Mixed structural capacity, prosperity roughly in line with institutions, lopsided (institutions the weak point).

0.401
Band 3 · Mixed capacity

What stands out

Select any label for its definition and scoring rule.

P1InstitutionsP2ComplexityP3Human cap.P4EconomyP5Stability

Structural shape

Each spoke shows one pillar, with 0 at the center and 1 at the edge. The shape reveals whether the pillars are similar or whether one is much lower than the others. That difference is called the .

Read as Lopsided · spread 0.41

Additional checks

1 flagged · 2/9 assessed

These checks add context that the overall score can miss. Select a check to see its result, the evidence behind it, and whether enough information was available to assess it.

Data-based checks

These two checks run automatically from the five pillars and public source data.

Case-specific checks

These checks need reviewed historical or political context. A result of “not assessed” means that review has not been completed.

These checks describe structural risk. They do not predict who will act first in a conflict. Differences smaller than 0.03 are treated as too close to rank when countries are compared head-to-head.

Additional diagnostics

governance context has not been reviewed
Governance approach
Centralized control· Military/authoritarian suppression

manages political pressure through central control rather than shared authority.

Main risk in this approach: Violent fragmentation when control mechanisms weaken

Structural risk
criticalfrom the scoring formula's structural checks
  • · High concern: Institutions score is in the bottom third
  • · Watch: 0.413 gap between the highest and lowest pillars
  • · Flagged checks: income and institutions gap
Accountability check · exploratory
Accountability trails incomedifference from income: -0.43

Accountability trails income and state capacity. The available evidence is partial, so this remains a watch item.

This is an exploratory comparison. It is separate from the income and institutions gap and has not yet been tested against crisis outcomes.

Weighting check · score under 4 sets of weights
0.401
Equal weights
0.419
Time-varying weights
0.377
Correlation weights
0.400
Archived manual weights

Largest difference across the weighting methods: 0.042. The country stays in the same score band in each check.

Try a different profile

Move a pillar to see how the overall score would change. You can also test different pillar weights. The published score uses equal weights of 20 percent each.

0.400
Band 3 · Mixed capacity
published score
P1InstitutionsP2ComplexityP3Human cap.P4EconomyP5Stability
0.21
0.34
0.55
0.63
0.28

This tool changes the five published pillar values or their weights. It does not recalculate the pillars from the raw indicators, and it does not update the additional checks shown above.

External security context

reviewed for 2019
0.44moderate
threats from outside the country
Protected by an ally
whether a credible ally was expected to defend it
0.31low
capacity to respond after an external shock

MODERATE structural exposure + weak response: not relationally over-determined, but with little to absorb a shock, fragile if one lands, and fatal if an external prop is removed (e.g. Afghanistan 2021, which fell within weeks of the withdrawal).

What happened: Survived 2001-2021 on external backing; collapsed within weeks of the US withdrawal (Kabul fell 15 Aug 2021). Shield removed: fell.

The indicators behind the score

5/5 pillars · 2024
13.7
23.7
30.6
21.4
17
-0.8
0.4
0.7
2,202
28.2
19.3
0.4

Select an indicator to see what it measures and where it comes from.

Countries with similar pillar profiles

These countries have the closest five-pillar pattern to Afghanistan. Similarity does not mean that their politics or histories are the same.

Compare Afghanistan head-to-head with any country →